- Lo que hace a la noche del viernes tan única fue, además del número y la latitud, la fuerza con la que los tornados tocaron tierra en Missouri y Mississippi.
EFE
Los más de 30 tornados que golpearon la noche del pasado viernes en seis estados de los Estados Unidos, dejando decenas de muertos, son una excepción que expertos atribuyen al cambio climático.
Según datos de la Oficina Nacional de Administración Oceánica y Atmosférica (NOAA), la media de tornados que tocaron tierra en Kentucky en un mes de diciembre entre 1991 y 2010 fue de cero.
Y en Tennessee es la misma cifra, mientras que en Illinois es de uno y en Arkansas es de dos y en todo el país solo ronda la docena.
Estos cuatro estados son los que concentran, hasta el momento, la lista de víctimas mortales por los tornados del viernes, con cuatro muertos confirmados en Tennessee, seis en Illinois, uno en Arkansas y los más de 70 que se tema que pueda haber en Kentucky.
Y lo que hace a la noche del viernes tan única fue, además del número y la latitud, la fuerza con la que los tornados tocaron tierra en Missouri y Mississippi.
Tanto es así que se calcula que el tornado que afectó a cuatro estados el viernes y asoló la localidad de Mayfield (Kentucky), donde se teme que haya 70 personas bajo los escombros de una fábrica de velas, se desplazó durante cientos de kilómetros.
El gobernador de Kentucky, Andy Beshear, aseguró que el tornado tocó tierra y se mantuvo así durante 227 millas (365 kilómetros), lo que lo convertiría en el que mayor distancia recorrió desde que hay registros en EE.UU.
Y si se confirman los temores de Beshear, de que la cifra final superará los 100 muertos, el del viernes sería además uno de los más mortíferos del país y de lejos el que más víctimas mortales causó en Kentucky.
¿QUÉ ES UN TORNADO?
Los tornados se forman cuando aire frío choca con aire cálido y húmedo y lo empuja hacia abajo, y, a medida que sube el aire caliente, crea una corriente ascendente y giratoria, según el Centro Nacional de Investigación Atmosférica.
Y ahí está la clave, que haya aire cálido y húmedo a estas alturas del año en estados donde normalmente se registran temperaturas cercanas a los cero grados centígrados.
Por eso, las cifras de tornados son bajas en los meses de invierno y los que hay suelen concentrarse en los estados más cercanos al Golfo de México, con un clima más benigno en diciembre, pero no en el interior del país y tan al norte.
“Fue uno de los eventos climáticos más impactantes en mis 40 años como meteorólogo: un tornado violento (¡en diciembre!)”, tuiteó el meteorólogo Jeff Masters.
John Gordon, meteorólogo de la Oficina de Previsión del Servicio Meteorológico Nacional en Louisville (Kentucky), describió lo ocurrido en el estado como una “tormenta perfecta” que combinaba la estación fría con el aire cálido.
Sucedió el peor de los casos. Aire cálido en la estación fría, en medio de la noche”, dijo Gordon sobre el choque entre la masa de aire frío de un anticiclón que se movía hacia el este con una masa de aire caliente que había elevado las temperaturas el viernes a los 26 grados en la vecina Memphis (Tennessee), para horas después estar en solo 1 grado sobre cero.
En este sentido, el meterólogo Craig Ceecee fue muy claro en un tuit en el que dijo que el motivo para un tornado “tan masivo” en diciembre se debe a que la “atmósfera no sabía que era diciembre”.
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