Las condiciones sofocantes en Europa han llegado antes de lo esperado este año, pero la mala noticia es que son tan solo una muestra de lo que está por venir: olas de calor anticipadas y más sequías severas.
Como consecuencia del cambio climático, las olas de calor empiezan antes y son cada vez más frecuentes y graves debido a las concentraciones récord de gases de efecto invernadero que atrapan el calor. Lo que estamos presenciando hoy es un anticipo del futuro.
Según la Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM), la intensa ola de calor que azota Europa en estos momentos viene del norte de África. Un sistema de bajas presiones del Atlántico entre las Azores y Madeira está alimentando el frente cálido, empujándolo hacia el oeste de Europa.
10 grados más de calor
A pesar de que solo estamos a mediados de junio, en algunas partes de España y Francia las temperaturas son, de media, más de 10 grados centígrados (o 50 grados Fahrenheit) por encima de la media para esta época del año.
En Francia, el pico de calor se produce tras el mes de mayo más cálido y seco del que se tiene constancia, y la agencia meteorológica del país afirmó que se trata de la primera ola de calor desde 1947.
El servicio de meteorología francés indicó que se prevén temperaturas máximas diurnas de 35 a 38°C y mínimas nocturnas superiores a 20°C.
España
En España, el Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de España (AEMET) señala que esta semana las temperaturas en el interior del país han superado los 40ºC en algunas zonas, llegando a alcanzar los 43ºC en la provincia de Toledo (Talavera de la Reina), en el centro de España, los días 15 y 16 de junio. Según este servicio, la ola de calor terminará el fin de semana.
La portavoz de la OMM alertó del riesgo de incendios forestales especialmente en España.
“Casi toda España es un gran mapa rojo hoy, se enfrenta a un riesgo extremo de incendio. Así que, nuestro mensaje al público español, por favor, por favor, por favor, presten atención a todas las advertencias. Hoy hay un peligro extremo de incendio. Así que, por favor, tengan cuidado”.
La entrada de polvo sahariano en España ha agravado el estrés sanitario y medioambiental, según la agencia de la ONU.
España, al igual que Portugal, sufre una situación de sequía severa que afecta al 97% del territorio. Este último país registró su mayo más cálido desde 1931, añadió la OMM.
En Suiza, donde las temperaturas máximas han superado con creces los 30 grados Celsius (86 Fahrenheit), el servicio meteorológico nacional publicó resultados que mostraban que la diferencia de temperatura entre las ciudades y el campo era de hasta seis grados
Alarmante sequía generalizada
Las alertas de sequía son una preocupación añadida en gran parte de Europa occidental, ya que no se prevén lluvias significativas en el continente en los próximos días, aparte de tormentas aisladas.
Extensas zonas desde el sureste de Europa Central hasta el noroeste del Mar Negro también se ven azotadas por la sequía, señaló la agencia de meteorología, añadiendo que en Estados Unidos gran parte del oeste del país se enfrenta a su segundo o tercer año de sequía consecutivo, y se teme que haya un creciente estrés hídrico de cara a la temporada de verano.
Los dos mayores embalses de Estados Unidos, el lago Mead y el lago Powell, en Arizona, se encuentran actualmente en los niveles más bajos desde que se llenaron: ambos están justo por debajo del 30% de su capacidad, según el US Drought Monitor (supervisión de la sequía de Estados Unidos).
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