Uno de los grandes cambios que realizará Petro es la reforma tributaria, que ya augura será antes de finalizar el 2022
Tras la elección de Gustavo Petro como presidente de la República, varios cambios se vienen en la manera cómo se han desarrollado las políticas públicas, teniendo en cuenta este será el primer Gobierno de izquierda en la historia de Colombia.
Justamente, uno de los grandes cambios se realizará en materia económica con una reforma tributaria, que ya augura Petro, será antes de finalizar el 2022.
Sin embargo, cuando se habla de números, es necesario sumar y restar de un lado u otro, para elevar los ingresos de la Nación.
Justamente, Ricardo Bonilla, asesor económico de Petro, explicó en días pasados a La FM algunos de los puntos claves que tendrá dicha reforma.
El económico aseguró que esta sería una reforma diferente a la del exministro Alberto Carrasquilla, ya que “lo que hubo en ese momento fue un proceso en el cual la gente entendió que le estaban cobrando más impuestos a los de abajo y fue un mensaje mal direccionado”.
Impuesto de renta
Bonilla aseguró que la reforma plantea gravar más renta a las personas naturales en los ingresos medios y altos, teniendo en cuenta el informe que contrató el gobierno de Iván Duque hace un año. “El problema real está en el impuesto de renta, se deben gravar los umbrales”
Indicó que hay que reequilibrar las cargas en el impuesto de renta corporativo y de personas naturales, “para que el impuesto de renta sea progresivo, lo que no pasa hoy”.
Así las cosas, se está pensando en gravar más renta en personas naturales de los ingresos medios y altos. El informe contratado a una firma canadiense señala que, “en la parte de arriba de la curva, los ingresos medios y altos no declaran, además, los ingresos medios altos están pagando una tasa muy baja y no declaran totalmente sus ingresos ni activos“.
Umbral para la declaración de renta
Según Bonilla, el umbral que hoy existe se podría mantener, porque “el problema no es la gente de abajo, sino la gente de clase media hacia arriba“.
Se podría mantener, a partir de los $36 millones al año, es decir ingresos mensuales de $3 millones. Sin embargo, el asesor económico aseguró que el problema se encontrará en quienes tienen ingresos superiores a $200 millones o más anuales.
IVA
Bonilla explicó que meterse con el IVA, es meterse con la canasta básica y “no se quiere volver a incendiar el país”.
Justamente, Petro aseguró en antes de ser electo como presidente, que su “propuesta tributaria consiste en aumentar impuestos a banqueros y petroleros”.
Reforma a través de un “acuerdo Nacional”
Petro confirmó que los grandes empresarios quieren sentarse y negociar. Dijo en CNN, que “en las negociaciones, una pieza fundamental será el ministro de Economía. Saber quién ocupará ese cargo y cuál es la línea que impulsará, coinciden múltiples voces, ayudará a que disminuya la incertidumbre poselectoral en Colombia y sería el inicio de un nuevo momento en esta transición”.
Para Petro, parte fundamental del cambio está en sentarse a hablar con “varias voces del país” y así, lograr un proyecto consensuado.
Proyecto del catastro multi propósito
Se ubicarán los activos de las personas naturales, a partir de los mil millones en una tarifa baja, y cinco mil millones de una tarifa alta. “Pero ese proyecto tendría que ir al congreso a ver cómo queda y ese es el que debe consolidarse, a través de un acuerdo nacional”.
Según Bonilla se tratará de un proyecto del catastro multi propósito, para que los predios sean avaluados de manera más cercana a los valores comerciales en comparación a los que hoy ofrece el avalúo simbólico.
“Les pedimos a los dueños de esos predios que los lleven al mercado, que el nuevo avalúo les impulse a tomar decisiones sobre esa tierra y si la va a poner a producir o si la lleva al mercado”, añadió.
Por último, indicó que será un proyecto que no se impondrá, sino que espera sea concertado.
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