Los recursos para el Ingreso Solidario en Colombia no están contemplados en el presupuesto correspondiente a 2023 que presentó el Gobierno de Iván Duque, advirtió el equipo de empalme de Gustavo Petro, haciendo énfasis en la necesidad de aprobar la reforma tributaria para que puedan continuar financiándose programas de carácter social como este.
“Tenemos la voluntad de mantener las transferencias monetarias condicionadas y no condicionadas para la superación de la pobreza, pero tal y como nos dejan el proyecto de presupuesto entonces estaría este programa desfinanciado“, dijo Daniel Rojas, coordinador del equipo de empalme del presidente Gustavo Petro, durante la presentación de su informe final a pocos días de la toma de posesión de Petro como presidente de Colombia.
Ingreso Solidario es un programa que se creó en 2020, en el marco de la pandemia de covid-19, que establece transferencias monetarias para familias con recursos económicos escasos. En julio de este año, más de cuatro millones de colombianos comenzaron a recibir una nueva ronda de estos apoyos económicos.
Duque había dicho la semana pasada que su administración dejaría “el presupuesto garantizado para el próximo 2023. Queremos que continúe esa política social en nuestro país”.
¿Cómo podría mantener el Gobierno de Petro el Ingreso Solidario?
Rojas explicó que como los recursos para este programa “desaparecieron”, la administración entrante tiene dos vías: recaudarlos a través de la reforma tributaria o modificar el esquema de las transferencias.
“Esperamos que podamos hacer un acuerdo (…) con las diversas fuerzas políticas que integran el Congreso de la república para entregarle al país la mejor reforma tributaria y no desfinanciar ningún programa social“, dijo al respecto.
El coordinador afirmó que para el equipo es de “gran preocupación” la realidad fiscal del país y calificó el nivel de endeudamiento y de déficit como “crítico”. Por tanto, en sus palabras, aumentar la recaudación es un “imperativo”.
En su explicación sobre la importancia de la reforma tributaria —que podría presentarse al Congreso tan pronto como el 7 de agosto, día de la asunción de Petro—, señaló que la recaudación de Colombia está por debajo del promedio de América Latina y los países de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE).
En 2020, según un estudio de la OCDE que está compuesta por cerca de 40 países, Colombia estaba considerablemente por debajo de la media en términos de recaudación. El promedio de estos países era de ingresos tributarios que representaban un 33,5% del PIB, mientras que en Colombia el porcentaje ascendía a 18,7%.
Por encima de Colombia y debajo de esa media había 17 países de América Latina y el Caribe, entre ellas tres de las mayores economías de la región: Brasil, Argentina y Chile. México, que junto con Colombia completaría a las cinco más grandes, se situaban entonces dos peldaños por debajo.
El objetivo de la reforma de Petro, que ha estado en el centro de la campaña, es obtener 50 billones de pesos (unos US$ 11.300 millones). Para lograrlo, según Luis Carlos Reyes, a quien designó al frente de la Dirección de Impuestos y Aduanas Nacionales, la clave está en un sistema donde quien tiene más ingresos progresivamente pague más, se eliminen beneficios fiscales y haya una lucha contra la evasión, según dijo recientemente a Reuters.
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