El Ministerio de Salud se mantiene en alerta frente al brote del dengue en varios departamentos del país, mientras alerta a la comunidad a reforzar acciones preventivas y de control, en donde los menores siguen siendo los más afectados.
De acuerdo con el Boletín Epidemiológico Semanal del Instituto Nacional de Salud, con corte al 16 agosto de 2023, en lo corrido del año se han registrado en Colombia 67.944 casos, siendo la población menor de 15 años los más afectados.
En el reporte sobre los menores de 15 años, el INS informó que se han presentado 33.133 casos. El 54,9%, fueron sin signos de alarma, seguido de 14.461 (43,7 %) con signos de alarma y 481 (1,5 %) con dengue grave.
La alerta sigue vigente debido a que, actualmente, se encuentran en situación de brote 274 municipios y se presenta un incremento desde el mes de julio en el distrito de Cali y los departamentos de Santander, Meta, Tolima, Bolívar y Antioquia.
El Ministerio alertó que durante el año se han confirmado en Colombia 44 muertes, 27 de ellas en menores de 15 años, muchas de ellas ocurridas por la baja percepción de riesgo acerca del dengue.
“Se han observado que este registro de muertes se relaciona, entre otras causas, a la baja percepción del riesgo de cuidadores que acuden inoportunamente a los servicios de salud, a prácticas de automedicación en el hogar y al inadecuado manejo de hidratación, situaciones que aumentan el riesgo de complicaciones de los casos”, expresaron desde la cartera de salud.
La Subdirección de Enfermedades Trasmisibles del Ministerio de Salud advierte que la letalidad por dengue a nivel nacional se encuentra controlada y con valores inferiores a lo presentado en las epidemias precedentes.
Recomendaciones frente al aumento del dengue
A través de la circular 013 de 2023, el Ministerio de Salud establece el dengue como proceso prioritario para la atención en instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud; además, hace parte de la Ruta Integral de Atención en Salud para reducir las barreras de acceso.
Al respecto, la Subdirección de Enfermedades Transmisibles del Ministerio de Salud recomienda:
- No suspender la lactancia materna.
- Mantener la hidratación frecuente preferiblemente con jugos de frutas naturales (sin azúcar), sales de rehidratación oral o agua de arroz, de papa, de plátano o de coco (recién preparadas). Es decir, elegir líquidos diferentes al agua o bebidas gaseosas o similares.
- Administrar Acetaminofén únicamente en la dosis indicada por el equipo médico, no automedicarse con otros medicamentos.
- Tener reposo en cama hasta que pase la fase crítica de la enfermedad o cuando el equipo médico lo considere.
- Usar toldillo durante el transcurso de la fase febril, lavar y cepillar tanques en el hogar. De igual forma, realizar recolección de inservibles y eliminación de criaderos.
- Estar alerta a la presentación de posibles casos de dengue en el entorno familiar y realizar la consulta a los servicios de salud.
- Volver al centro de salud en el tiempo estipulado por el médico que haya realizado la valoración.
- En caso de presentar signos de alarma debe regresar urgentemente al servicio de salud.
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