El Gobierno de Colombia, liderado por la Unidad Nacional de Gestión del Riesgo y Desastres (UNGRD), reveló su estrategia para contrarrestar los efectos del Fenómeno de El Niño, cuya probabilidad de impacto se elevó al 85%, extendiéndose posiblemente hasta mayo del próximo año.
El anuncio realizado por la ministra de Ambiente, Susana Muhamad, detalla una inversión monumental de 2,2 billones de pesos destinados a un Plan Nacional de Gestión que será implementado desde el día del anuncio hasta 2024, dependiendo del comportamiento del fenómeno climático bajo el escrutinio del Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales (Ideam).
“La probabilidad de que este fenómeno de El Niño sea fuerte ha aumentado significativamente, alcanzando un 85%”, advirtió la ministra Muhamad. Ante esta amenaza, el plan estratégico se enfocará en la prevención y el fortalecimiento de capacidades a nivel nacional, territorial y comunitario. El objetivo es anticiparse y adaptarse a los impactos asociados en 176 municipios altamente susceptibles.
El protocolo nacional de respuesta ante incendios forestales también fue actualizado, y se pondrá énfasis en la campaña de comunicación “El Niño no es un juego” para concientizar a la población sobre los riesgos.
Además, el Gobierno identifico las regiones del país que corren un riesgo significativo debido a El Niño. Entre las principales amenazas se encuentran sequías, incendios forestales, heladas, inundaciones, crecientes súbitas, movimientos en masa, olas de calor, vendavales, ciclones tropicales, tormentas eléctricas y la proliferación de plagas y vectores.
Las regiones según las amenazas son las siguientes:
Sequías:
- Caribe: La Guajira, Atlántico, Magdalena y norte de Bolívar.
- Andina: Caldas, Quindío, Tolima, Valle, Cundinamarca, Boyacá, Huila, Cauca y Nariño.
Incendios forestales:
- Caribe: La Guajira, Atlántico, Cesar, Magdalena y norte de Bolívar.
- Andina: Caldas, Quindío, Tolima, Valle, Cundinamarca, Boyacá, Huila, Cauca y Nariño.
Heladas:
- Andina: Cauca y Nariño (con mayor tendencia).
Inundaciones y crecientes súbitas:
- Andina: Antioquia, sector oriental de Cundinamarca, centro-occidente de Santander, nororiente y suroriente de Norte de Santander y algunas áreas localizadas de Caldas y Risaralda.
- Orinoquía: Meta, Arauca, Casanare y Vichada.
- Pacífica: Chocó, Sector Pacífico del Valle, Cauca y Nariño.
- Amazonía: Guaviare, Caquetá y Putumayo.
Movimientos en masa:
- Andina: Antioquia, centro-occidente de Santander, oriente de Norte de Santander y sector oriental de Cundinamarca.
- Orinoquía: Meta, Arauca y Casanare.
- Pacífica: Chocó, Sector Pacífico de Valle, Cauca y Nariño.
- Amazonía: Caquetá y Putumayo.
Olas de calor:
- Caribe y, en menor proporción, Andina: Valles interandinos de las cuencas de los ríos Magdalena y Cauca, altiplanos geográficos.
Vendavales:
- Caribe, Pacífica, Orinoquía, Amazonía y en menor proporción Andina: Todos los departamentos que han tenido una recurrencia histórica de este tipo de eventos para la época. De igual forma, para los departamentos bajo la influencia directa/indirecta de ciclones tropicales.
Ciclones tropicales:
- Caribe e insular, en menor medida la Pacífica: La Guajira, Magdalena, San Andrés y Providencia, entre otros municipios de la costa Caribe.
Tormentas eléctricas:
- Caribe, Orinoquía, Amazonía y algunas zonas de la Andina: Departamentos que por su climatología mantienen volúmenes importantes de lluvia. Zonas en donde persisten por algunos días, condiciones de lluvia fuerte asociadas a la influencia de fenómenos meteorológicos de pocos días.
Plagas y/o vectores:
- Andina, Caribe, Orinoquía y algunas zonas de la Pacífica: Territorios con volúmenes importantes de lluvia, influenciados por deficiencias en sus sistemas de saneamiento básico e infraestructuras de alcantarillado.
Este análisis detallado de las regiones vulnerables y los tipos de amenazas esperadas resalta la urgencia de las medidas adoptadas por el Gobierno para enfrentar el inminente Fenómeno de El Niño y proteger a la población y el entorno natural.
En el ámbito financiero, 1,7 billones de pesos estarán bajo el control de la UNGRD, con el remanente destinado a otras entidades involucradas en medidas preventivas, como el Ministerio de Ambiente y el Ministerio de Minas.
Este plan nacional de gestión ante El Niño representa una respuesta determinante a una amenaza climática sin precedentes, demostrando la voluntad del Gobierno de proteger a sus ciudadanos y el medio ambiente de los impactos potencialmente devastadores de este fenómeno. El reto será coordinar eficazmente las estrategias y recursos necesarios para enfrentar uno de los eventos climáticos más temidos en la historia reciente del país.
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