El Gobierno Nacional se encuentra implementando una política integral para tomar acciones de control frente al contrabando abierto y técnico. Lo anterior, implica el uso de analítica de datos y redes complejas, la identificación de lugares de ingreso, países de procedencia, modelos de trazabilidad del origen del producto, la trazabilidad al interior del país de las formas de comercialización, y un trabajo coordinado a nivel nacional e internacional.
En el ámbito nacional, con las 13 entidades que conforman la Comisión de Lucha Contra el Contrabando se definieron e implementaron 11 iniciativas 2018-2022, orientadas a contrarrestar el contrabando, el lavado de activos y la evasión fiscal, y manejar integralmente el fenómeno, no solo desde la represión, sino también desde la educación y la salud pública.
Así mismo se trabaja en el fortalecimiento de alianzas público-privadas, a través de las Mesas de Alto Nivel Anticontrabando, entre la DIAN, para definir estrategias orientadas a prevenir y contrarrestar el contrabando, fraude aduanero y lavado de dinero de estos productos. En este sentido, en agosto de 2019 fue inaugurado “El Centro Integrado contra el Contrabando de Cigarrillos y Licores CIC2CL DIAN-POLFA “, como estrategia sector.
Resultados concretos
En el marco de la Cooperación Internacional, en los últimos días se impidió el ingreso a Colombia de tres contenedores de aproximadamente USD 1.8 millones (valor comercial), procedentes de Panamá, que contenían 14.400 botellas de licor y 1.329.000 cajetillas de cigarrillos.
La efectividad en esta operación se dio por las acciones e intercambio de información en tiempo real, sobre la trazabilidad efectuada a un contenedor aprehendido la semana anterior en Itagüí – Antioquia, en el cual se transportaban 443.000 cajetillas de cigarrillos y 3.867 botellas de licor, por valor comercial de $1.200 millones. Adicional a esto, en las últimas horas, en operativo adelantado en un mercado de Cartagena, fueron aprehendidas 6.350 cajetillas de cigarrillos, avaluadas en $11.435.116.
En lo que corresponde a 2020, se han realizaron 290 aprehensiones de cigarrillos, por valor de $11.208 millones.
Durante los últimos años, la ofensiva operacional desplegada en el territorio nacional por la Policía Fiscal y DIAN, permitió que entre el 2017 y el 2019 se hayan realizado 3.659 aprehensiones de cigarrillos, tabaco y sucedáneos por valor de $50.878 millones. Al comparar las aprehensiones de los años 2019 y 2018, la variación en el valor de las mismas aumentó en un 52.3%.
Desarticulación de bandas y extinción de dominio
Entre el 2017 y el 2019 se han desarticulado 11 estructuras criminales, judicializado 53 personas, y se ha realizado la captura en flagrancia de 40 más. En lo corrido de 2020 se tiene 2 estructuras desarticuladas con injerencia en Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Cundinamarca, La Guajira, Magdalena, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Risaralda, Santander y Valle del Cauca, 7 personas judicializadas y dos capturas en flagrancia.
En cuanto a la extinción del derecho de dominio de bienes vinculados al contrabando de cigarrillos, del año 2017 al 2019 se adelantaron 4 operaciones con aplicación de medidas cautelares que permitieron la extinción de 370 bienes avaluados en más de $27.300 millones, ubicados en las ciudades de Bucaramanga, Valledupar y Bogotá. Este año se realizó una operación de extinción a dos bienes, por valor de $200 millones en Bucaramanga.
José Andrés Romero Tarazona, Director General de la DIAN, destacó que “además del trabajo mancomunado con instituciones nacionales y agencias internacionales, y del intercambio de información con otras jurisdicciones, el avance en la transformación tecnológica de la Entidad, y en lo que corresponde a la modernización de las aduanas, han permitido la implementación de herramientas que han evidenciado son exitosas en el control del contrabando, tales como: el Sistema Informático Electrónico (SIE) de Tránsito Aduanero, los dispositivos electrónicos de seguridad, y la puesta en marcha del Centro Integrado de Lucha contra el Contrabando, conformado por el Laboratorio Nacional de Aduanas y el Centro de Trazabilidad y Control Aduanero”.
Por su parte, el Ministro de Comercio, Industria y Turismo, José Manuel Restrepo, dijo que “avanzamos en un trabajo articulado con las diferentes autoridades y en coordinación con el sector privado para hacerle frente a este flagelo que afecta a la industria. Queremos que todos jueguen bajos las mismas condiciones y tengan las mismas oportunidades. Por eso, tenemos una política de Estado contra el contrabando, el fraude aduanero y conductas conexas, teniendo en cuenta a los gobiernos locales y a los diferentes sectores”.
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