En 1902, el ingeniero Luciano Battle sembró la semilla del Túnel de La Línea. La idea surgió luego de una travesía por el río La Vieja, el paraje de Boquía y Salento (Quindío), hasta llegar a Ibagué y Girardot. En su informe, aseguró que era posible conectar el occidente y el centro del país atravesando la Cordillera Central.
La idea quedó en el ambiente y en 1913, con la Ley 129 del mismo año, se ordenó realizar el primer trazo del túnel que atravesaría la Cordillera Central y nueve años más tarde se ordenó su construcción. No obstante, las obras fueron detenidas debido a la complejidad geológica de la montaña.
En 1940 se retomó la idea de construir el túnel, pero el resultado no fue distinto y en 1950 se declinó la iniciativa para dar prioridad a la vía vehicular.
35 años después, en 1985, se emprendieron los estudios y diseños de factibilidad para construir un túnel en la montaña, retomando el sueño, después de más de tres décadas en las que vías férreas en otras zonas del país recibieron las principales inversiones.
Entre 1992 y 2000 se realizaron las fases II y III de los diseños para su construcción, pero entre el inicio del nuevo milenio y 2002 se intentaron varios procesos licitatorios que resultaron fallidos por no tener oferentes ni pólizas que aseguraran el proyecto.
Se comienza a consolidar el sueño
Solo hasta el 2004, en el Gobierno del Presidente Álvaro Uribe Vélez, se tomó una decisión trascendental: hacer el Túnel de La Línea por fases.
La primera consistió en la construcción del túnel piloto, que permitió conocer con mayor precisión las características geológicas e hidrográficas de la montaña. Para esta primera fase se realizó una licitación pública para adjudicar las obras, que se iniciaron en enero de 2005 y terminaron exitosamente en agosto de 2008. Posteriormente, con una nueva licitación en diciembre de 2008, se dio paso para que en agosto de 2009 se empezara la excavación del Túnel de La Línea.
No obstante, cuando se debía terminar la tercera etapa del proyecto, en el Gobierno del Presidente Juan Manuel Santos, este se canceló en noviembre de 2016 con incumplimiento contractual, lo que generó el abandono de las obras.
La parálisis del proyecto de ingeniería más importante del país obligó a la necesidad de nuevas contrataciones y el Presidente Iván Duque Márquez, en su estrategia de concluir, concluir, concluir, destinó un nuevo presupuesto, en diciembre de 2018, para sacar del abandono esta obra.
Con la cuarta etapa, se construyó el intercambiador helicoidal de Versalles. Fue terminado en septiembre de 2018, en la conexión de la carretera de La Línea con la entrada al municipio de Calarcá, en el departamento del Quindío, y permite la configuración de la doble calzada en su llegada a Calarcá.
Con la quinta etapa del proyecto se adquirieron e instalaron los equipos electromecánicos necesarios para la operación del Túnel de La Línea y de los túneles cortos que entran en funcionamiento en el primer momento de entrega de obras.
La sexta y última etapa de este gran proyecto surgió del incumplimiento de la etapa tres. Se configuraron los nuevos contratos que permiten la construcción de la doble calzada de 30 kilómetros, que mejora la conectividad entre las poblaciones de Calarcá (Quindío) y Cajamarca (Tolima), se terminó el túnel principal de La Línea y se avanza en la construcción de la doble calzada por Tolima y Quindío.
Al final, para hacer realidad este sueño, se celebraron 24 contratos para la ejecución del proyecto Cruce de la Cordillera Central (13 contratos de obra y 11 contratos de interventoría).
Concluir, concluir, concluir
El proyecto más importante de la ingeniería colombiana no podía quedarse paralizado por más tiempo. Por eso, el Presidente Iván Duque se comprometió con esta obra desde que era precandidato.
Por eso, la implementación de una gerencia especializada, la asignación presupuestal y el compromiso del cumplimiento de la política de concluir, concluir, concluir, permitió que en 2 años se ejecutará el 44% del proyecto.
De hecho, durante su intervención en la inauguración de la nueva terminal aérea del Aeropuerto Internacional Matecaña, de Pereira, el Mandatario dijo que “cuando empezó nuestro Gobierno, en casi una década la obra llevaba alrededor del 54 – 55 por ciento. Hoy puedo decirles a ustedes que en dos años hemos avanzado en cerca de un 45 – 46 por ciento”.
Este, 4 de septiembre, se consolidó el sueño que hace 118 años tuvo el ingeniero Battle y, como lo dijo el Jefe de Estado, “Colombia conocerá su Túnel de La Línea y lo podrá disfrutar a plenitud como el triunfo de una nación”.
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